Abstract
The misuse of antibiotics plays a role in increasing of antimicrobial resistance. The plants, of traditional use, then become an alternative solution to deal with this public health issue. Ocimum gratissimum L. is a widely used plant in Togo for several diseases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the hydro-ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves of this plant, by measuring the diameter of inhibition, from the method of the wells on agar medium and the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the bactericidal (MBC) concentration. For this purpose, clinical strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were used. The inhibition diameters were between 10.00 ± 0.58 and 14.67 ± 0.58 mm, and the MICs between 6.25 and 25.00 mg/ml. The results obtained show that the hydro-ethanolic and aqueous extracts have been active on all the strains tested with a bactericidal activity on the majority. However, the hydro-ethanolic extract was significantly more effective than the aqueous extract (P = 0.049) on all strains. This work has provided us a scientific basis of the use of O. gratissimum L. in our environment, particularly for the treatment of bacterial infections. Key words: Ocimum gratissimum L, hydro-ethanolic and aqueous extracts, antibacterial activity, multi-resistant strains, Togo.
Highlights
In developing countries, infectious diseases are a public health problem because of their frequency and severity
The bacterial strains were composed of the strains of S. aureus ATCC29213 for Gram positive and E. coli ATCC25922 bacteria, K. pneumoniae ATCC13883 for Gram negative bacteria and multiresistant strains of S. aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli (ESBL) and K. pneumoniae (ESBL) isolated from bacterial specimens in patients
The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the aqueousalcoholic and aqueous extracts of O. gratissimum at the concentration of 100 mg/ml in agar medium was evaluated by measuring the inhibition diameters
Summary
Infectious diseases are a public health problem because of their frequency and severity. They cause more than 17 million deaths a year in the world, more than half of which come from the African continent alone (WHO, 2006). The discovery of antibiotics was a real revolution in the fight against infectious diseases. Make improper use and abuse of antibiotics have accelerated the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria, which is a real problem of antibiotics and public health (Salou et al, 2016).
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