Abstract
The problems of resistance of pathogenic bacteria to the common antibiotics in hospitals and the high costs of the treatments of pathologies caused by those resistant bacteria have brought about innovation in the search for alternative treatments: plants. The purpose of this study is to assess the antibacterial activities of the aqueous and hydroethanilic extracts from the leaves of the Erythrococca anomala on the in vitro growth of six multiresistant bacterial strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from patients. The results of the studies showed that the aqueous extract, more active than the hydroethanolic extract, contains Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) which vary between 0.78 mg/mL and 12.5 whereas the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) vary between 0.78 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL. Concerning the hydroethanolic extract, the MICs and the MBCs, vary between 3.125 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL each. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are more susceptible because they need 0.78 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL respectively before they are completely inhibited by the aqueous extract. Compared with the Ciprofloxacin, a pure molecule, those extracts have clearly better antibacterial activity. That may justify why those leaves are used in traditional areas as anti-infective treatment. Erythrocacca anomala is a glimmer of hope for the treatment of infectious diseases in Cote d'Ivoire.
Highlights
Antibiotics have always been man’s most effective means against infectious diseases since they were discovered
These results were collected following several tests. - Concerning the quest for the inhibition diameters of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts, the results stemmed from the averages of three tests. - for the quest for antibacterial parameters Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs), following at least three tests, the values remained invariable
The inhibition diameters at 200 mg/mL of aqueous extract for the following bacteria are higher when compared with those for 200 mg/mL for the hydroethanolic extract: we associated each bacterial germ with its inhibition diameter: For 200 mg/mL of aqueous extract: - Staphylococcus aureus: 21 mm - Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 21mm - Klebsiella pneumoniae: 18mm - Escherichia coli: 22mm For 200 mg/mL of hydroethanolic extract: - Staphylococcus aureus: 18 mm - Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 15mm - Klebsiella pneumoniae: 13mm - Escherichia coli: 19mm Generally speaking, the data analysis shows that the bacteria are not totally resistant to the extracts; that could result in null inhibition diameters
Summary
Antibiotics have always been man’s most effective means against infectious diseases since they were discovered. Among these antibiotics, the beta-lactam antibiotics are used widely today and especially in developing countries. The beta-lactam antibiotics are used widely today and especially in developing countries This is due to the large extent of their spectrum of activity, their harmlessness, their efficiency and above all they are affordable [1]. Because of the emergence of resistant bacterial strains, those antibiotics failed to prove their efficiency. They are so expensive that the poor among the populations cannot afford [6]
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