Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different doses of Sulphur on yield and chemical composition of parsley essential oil. Sulphur was applied at different dilutions in the centesimal scale ranging from 0c (control), 6, 12, 18, 24 to 30c. The experiment was carried out in the field, and for each treatment there were five replications, that is, five vases with one plant each. The evaluated parameters were: plant height (cm), fresh biomass of the aerial parts and root (g), yield and chemical composition of the essential oil. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results indicated that 12c dilution caused aerial part inhibition; there was an inhibitory effect on roots at 12 and 30c dilutions, and 6, 12 and 30 c dilutions inhibited fresh biomass when compared to the control (0c) and the other dilutions. Regarding EO yield, an increase in yield (%) at 18c (0.150 ± 0.01) and 30c (0.180 ± 0.01) dilutions occurred when compared to control (0c) (0.017 ± 0.01). The essential oil presented phenylpropanoids as the main class in its composition and apiole and myristicin as major compounds in all evaluated treatments. The 12c dilution allowed an increase in apiole (96.24%) and decrease in myristicin (3.76%). However, myristicin has an increase in treatments 6c (14.65%), 18c (10.46%), 24c (13.66%) and 30c (14.80 when compared to the control 0c (5.99%). In conclusion, a stimulating or inhibitory response occurred in the evaluated parameters depending on the utilized dilutions. The increase in apiole and myristicin is considered an economically important factor because they are substances utilized by the pharmaceutical, food and agricultural industries. Key words: Parsley, apiole, myristicin, phenylpropanoids, yield, dilutions.
Highlights
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.), (Apiaceae) popularly known as parsley, garden parsley, chopped greens or rock parsley, stands out as one of the most consumed herbs worldwide
The results indicated that there was significant inhibition at 12c dilution on the development of aerial parts when compared to the control (0c), 6, 24 and 30c dilutions
Dilutions of 12 and 30c presented inhibiting effect on root when compared to the control (0c); as for fresh biomass, it was observed that dilutions of 6, 12 and 30c inhibited biomass compared to control (0c) and dilution of 24c.The different sulphur dilutions significantly influenced essential oil yield (Table 2)
Summary
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.), (Apiaceae) popularly known as parsley, garden parsley, chopped greens or rock parsley, stands out as one of the most consumed herbs worldwide. In Brazil, parsley is cultivated mainly by small rural producers to be sold as herbs, it can be used fresh or dehydrated, and its most consumed parts are leaves, petioles and seeds (Petropoulos et al, 2009). Its in natura utilization, it is used to obtain essential oil (EO) which has two main phenylpropanoids: apiole and myristicin in its composition. Almost 90% of the EO may consist of apiole; EOs chemical composition can be altered due to several factors like plant genotype, location of plant cultivation, type of utilized soil, harvesting time, luminosity, altitude, temperature and water management (Kurowska and Galaska, 2004; Morais, 2009; Borges et al, 2016). Parsley EO is highly valued in the international market and broadly used in the food industry to aromatize meats, canned foods and processed vegetables. Studies have shown its potential to control bovine tick (Camilotti et al, 2015)
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