Abstract
For the first time, the phytochemical fabrication of noble silver oxide nanoparticles was reported using Artocarpus heterophyllus rind extract as well as their characterization. The UV-vis absorption spectrum of the phytochemical-mediated reduced reaction mixture showed a surface plasmon peak at 428 nm, which confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticle production was ideal at pH 9 with 2.0 mL jackfruit rind extract, Ag+ 1.0 mM and 180 min of reaction time. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated the presence of acids, esters, alcohols, pyrazine, etc. which can act as capping agents around the nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the face-centered cubic crystalline and the oxygen structure of metallic silver nanoparticles. The average diameter of silver nanoparticles is ~17 nm via high resolution transmission electron microscopy, which agrees with the average crystallite size (24.2 nm) calculated from X-ray diffraction analysis and selected area electron diffraction pattern. Of the five tested phytopathogens, the pathogens Phytophthora capsici, Colletotrichum acutatum and Cladosporium fulvum showed 8, 11 and 16 mm zones of inhibition against synthesized silver oxide nanoparticles at 200 μg/well, respectively. Key words: Silver oxide, nanoparticle, antifungal, plant pathogen, optimization.
Highlights
Metallic silver has gained much attention for its greener and faster synthesis approaches as well as biomedical, industrial and pharmaceutical applications
The common silver nanoparticles synthesis depends on nucleation and growth mechanism (Rai et al, 2006; Fayaz et al, 2009; Song and Kim, 2009; Kaviya et al, 2011)
The absorbance band increased while the pH increased from 4 to 9 for silver nanoparticles
Summary
Metallic silver has gained much attention for its greener and faster synthesis approaches as well as biomedical, industrial and pharmaceutical applications. It has important chemical, thermal and photo catalytic properties. The scientific community has turned their attention towards low cost and eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from biological sources like plants and microbes (Lee et al, 2016). The fruit rind extract of jackfruit (Figure 1) was used for the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit tree) is well known as the largest tree-borne fruit. It belongs to the mulberry family, Moraceae. There is no report on using jackfruit rind to prepare silver nanoparticles
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