Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is beta-hemolytic bacterium that belongs to Lancefield serogroup A, also known as group A streptococci (GAS). GAS causes a wide variety of life threatening diseases including pharyngitis and tonsillitis disease. A total of 93 throat swab and 93 blood specimens were collected from pharyngitis and tonsillitis infected children in different schools in Almashana, IBB city in Yemen. All isolates were diagnosis by using two methods: throat swab culture and serological test (ASO test). The result shows difference between throat swab culture method and blood specimens serology method (ASO). 38 isolates (40.8%) for throat swab culture and 60 isolates (64.5%) for blood specimens serology method (ASO) were positive in 93 total isolates. All isolates were characterized by their antimicrobial susceptibility test to different antibiotics including penicillin G, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin and streptomycin. All isolates were sensitive to penicillin G and chloramphenicol. Most isolates (61.3%) showed a high degree of resistance to erythromycin. Resistance to clindamycin and streptomycin were observed in 34.4 and 46.2% of isolates, respectively. The 93 isolates were subjected to fingerprinting by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Amplification of genomic DNA of GAS was performed with three primers. The results reveal that approximately 36 different amplified DNA fragments (rapdemes) were observed in all, of which 21 (58.3%) were shared and 15 (41.7%) unshared or unique rapdemes. RAPD analysis provides a practical alternative for genomic typing of GAS. It can be recommended for the typing of GAS, especially if used in parallel with serotyping. Key words: Group A streptococci (GAS), IBB city, antistreptolysin-O (ASO) test, pharyngitis, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).
Highlights
The Gram positive bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes has the ability to cause disease, both relatively mild local diseases as well as life-threatening invasive or systemic disease
93 throat swab were collected from children to investigation the Group A streptococcus (GAS) from different school of ALMashana district in IBB city (Table 1)
GAS has continued to be a major health problem in developing and industrialized countries, especially since the outbreaks that emphasized the need for practitioners to remain vigilant and to maintain prevention efforts (David, 1998), In contrast to the developed countries, this disease has remained a significant problem for years in developing countries (Zangwill et al, 1991); the overall quality of epidemiological data from developing countries is poor, with respect to research documenting the incidence of GAS (Carapetis, 2004; Cunningham, 2000)
Summary
The Gram positive bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes has the ability to cause disease, both relatively mild local diseases as well as life-threatening invasive or systemic disease. Belongs to Lancefield serogroup A, known as group. They are classified based on their hemolytic capacity (α-, β-, γ-hemolysis) and the antigenicity of a carbohydrate occurring in their cell walls (Lancefield antigen) (Murray et al, 2002). Group A streptococcus (GAS) elaborate several extracellular products include Streptolysin O (SLO) which derives its name from its oxygen lability. It is a member of a family of highly conserved pore-forming cytolysins. The antistreptolysin-O (ASO) test is used to determine recent streptococcal infection and post streptococcal complications including rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
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