Energy shift of electronic X-rays emitted from pionic atoms

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Summary The electronic K X-ray energies of pionic atoms were precisely measured on elements ranging from zinc to lead with a low-energy photon detection system. Some differences between pionic and muonic atoms were found in the atomic-number (Z) dependence of the energy shift. In the pionic atoms, the energy shift gradually decreases with an increase in atomic number, which is opposite to the trend for muonic atoms. In the low-Z region investigated elements, the energy shifts of K β X-rays were obviously larger than those of K α X-rays.