Abstract
Nigeria is rich in both conventional and renewable energy resources that empower the country with a large capacity to develop an effective national energy policy. The study aims at reviewing the current energy resource structure of Nigeria in terms of production and utilization, comparing sectoral performance and reviewing issues confronting energy growth, sustainability, policies and frameworks towards the actualization of energy effi- ciency. The total energy consumption in 2011 was 28.8 million tons of oil equivalent about 5.4 % of the world value in 2010. Nigeria share of world CO2 emissions in 2011 was 0.32 % and a drop of 0.02 % in 2010. In addressing the country's challenges of energy demand, production, consumption and related environmental prob- lems, the government has initiated sustainable and effec- tive energy conservation strategies to improve efficiency. These include: reduction of energy consumption at the household sector, reduction of gas flaring, adoption and maximum renewable energy technologies, reduction of energy intensity in industries by appropriate energy con- servation and management system. In addition, the policies also include the development and integration of alternative energy resources such as nuclear, biomass, wind and solar into the total energy mix structure. For all these to be accomplished, the energy development strategy must fol- low a sustainable framework to balance economic growth, social expansion and eco-friendly protection.
Highlights
Energy remains the principal driving force for both economic and industrial developments of all nations of the world
The economy of Nigeria became dependent on oil from the 1970s till date; it has contributed over 98 % of export earnings and 85 % of government revenue
The following sustainable strategies were pronounced according to the Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) [30] viz: (1) the need to move from a fossil economy to one driven by growing share of renewable energy and (2) harnessing renewable energy resources in a manner and at prices that will support the implementation of equitable and sustainable development
Summary
Energy remains the principal driving force for both economic and industrial developments of all nations of the world. Crude oil and natural gas account for about 42 and 32 % of the country’s total energy consumption compared to 48 and 20 % of the world average values (Fig. 5). The following sustainable strategies were pronounced according to the Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) [30] viz: (1) the need to move from a fossil economy to one driven by growing share of renewable energy and (2) harnessing renewable energy resources in a manner and at prices that will support the implementation of equitable and sustainable development In this framework, the projected energy demands in the sectors of the economy are presented in Table 7 based on 7 % growth rate. Solar PV installations are on the increase and about 1 MW total dispersed installations are going on country wide for low energy applications such as water pumping, street lighting, vaccine refrigerators and community lighting [48]
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