Abstract
The recent development of internal combustion engines (ICE) goes towards the meeting of increasingly stringent requirements imposed to reduce toxic exhaust emissions and fuel consumption and thus to strive for carbon dioxide abatement and against depletion of global natural resources. The research on engines fuelled by water-hydrocarbons emulsions has already a long tradition. So far, tests were based on emulsions obtained in chemical reactions. In this paper, similar analysis results have been presented, but the water-fuel emulsions used for the tests were obtained with making use of the cavitation effect. For this reason a unique cavitator was developed, which was then used to produce water-hydrocarbons emulsions of common, mineral and synthetic diesel fuel. Both of these fuels as well as their water emulsions with 20% water content by volume, were used for tests. The ESC (European Stationary Cycle) test conditions were determined and the engine was tested on engine dynamometer in accordance with the predetermined ESC test conditions. During the tests, under close scrutiny, engine emission and fuel consumption levels were measured . The tests it be more time repeat (with every liquid to engine fuelling was 34 times) to achieve the statistical assessment of the results. By the use of emulsions was found to result in a significant reduction in the consumption of diesel fuels . This result is statistically significant.
Highlights
The recent development of internal combustion engines (ICE) goes towards the meeting of increasingly stringent requirements imposed to reduce toxic exhaust emissions and fuel consumption and to strive for carbon diox-ide abatement and against depletion of global natural resources
By 2050, a 60% reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide in the transport sector in the European Union (EU) is being promoted and one from more ways is the using of new fuels especially with hydrogen content in form as the hydrogen is in water
An analysis of the test results has confirmed that the economic performance of contemporary compression-ignition (CI) engines may be improved by fueling such engines with synthetic diesel oil or with water emulsions of diesel oils
Summary
At each of the above crankshaft speeds, measurements are carried out for four engine loads corresponding to 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the engine power output at the specific speed, which has been mapped in Fig. 3 as points representing individual ESC test modes in the per cent engine load / per cent engine speed coordinate system. Apart from the 13 ESC test modes where the engine loads were as previously specified, the test included a mode where the engine was run with its idle speed (at, approximately, zero engine load). In consideration of the fact that the intensity of engine operation is not uniform all over the whole engine load and speed range, weighting factors have been introduced for this no uniformity to be taken into account at determining the exhaust emission values.
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