Encapsulation and characterization of Garcinia atroviridis rinds water extracts loaded nanoparticles

N.B Yusof,A Abdul Aziz

doi:10.26656/fr.2017.4(6).s08

Abstract

Garcinia atroviridis fruit has been shown to express anti-obesity activity as a result of its bioactive compound, hydroxycitric acid (HCA). HCA is effective in decreasing appetite, inhibiting fat synthesis, and reducing body weight. However, HCA is very unstable towards certain conditions thus limiting its bioavailability. To overcome the issue of HCA instability, HCA was encapsulated in chitosan (CS) nanoparticles in this study. CS nanoparticles were prepared based on ionic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking agent. The concentration of chitosan and TPP: chitosan volume ratios were varied and the resulting nanoparticles were characterized based on zeta potential, particle size, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), and kinetics release. The most optimum nanoparticle was obtained with a combination of 1.5 mg/mL chitosan with a CS: TPP volume ratio of 4: 1. Zeta potential was measured by approximately 49 mV. The size of the particle at optimum condition was found to be 140 nm and the nanoparticle had high encapsulation efficiency (87.55±5.35%). G. atroviridis extract release from CS nanoparticles followed either Higuchi or Korsmeyer Peppas kinetic model. FT-IR studies indicated that G. atroviridis was encapsulated in CS nanoparticles. The present study revealed that concentration of chitosan, and CS: TPP volume ratio can significantly change the physical characteristics of the nanoparticles and this provides an avenue for formulators to engineer CS nanoparticles according to needs.

Highlights

Garcinia atroviridis (Gaertn.) Desr. (Clusiaceae) or its local name as Asam gelugor, is large polygamous trees or shrubs which can be found in tropical Asia, Africa, and Polynesia
A series of experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of the nanoparticles based on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), surface charge, encapsulation efficiency percentage (EE%), and kinetic release profile
The results indicated that formulation variables (CS concentration and CS: TPP volume ratio) influence particle size distributions (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Garcinia atroviridis (Gaertn.) Desr. (Clusiaceae) or its local name as Asam gelugor, is large polygamous trees or shrubs which can be found in tropical Asia, Africa, and Polynesia. (-) – Hydroxycitric acid (abbreviated as HCA), an isolated derivative of these fruit rinds, has been incorporated into a wide range of pharmaceutical or nutraceutical product as a weight loss supplement. Studies have shown that the rind of Garcinia species has been found to contain approximately 10-30% of HCA (Jena et al, 2002). HCA is believed to have an anti-obesity activity that will result in reduced food intake, increased fat oxidation, and decreased de novo lipogenesis (Semwal et al, 2015). A clinical study conducted by Roongpisuthipong et al (2007) on 25 obese Thai women showed a decrease in triceps skinfold d, biceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, upper arm circumference, percentage of body fat and body fat weight after consumption of HCA. Limiting the availability of acetylCoA units will suppress de novo fatty acid synthesis and lipogenesis.

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