Empowering Health: Revolutionizing Care for Non-Communicable and Neurodegenerative Diseases in Diverse Pakistani Communities through Adapted Physical Activity and Physical Therapy

Abstract

Background: Physical inactivity is a major modifiable risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and neurodegenerative diseases, impacting global health significantly. In Pakistan, these health challenges are exacerbated by disparities in health awareness and access between urban and rural communities. Objective: This study aims to investigate the awareness and utilization of adapted physical activity and physical therapy as a treatment for NCDs and neurodegenerative diseases in Pakistani communities, with a focus on understanding the influence of educational background and geographical location. Methods: An exploratory mixed-methods design was utilized, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. A total of 500 participants (250 from urban and 250 from rural areas) were recruited using a convenience sampling method. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires, focusing on demographics, awareness levels, and barriers to accessing adapted physical activity and physical therapy. Qualitative data were gathered via in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests and ANOVA to examine differences based on educational levels and geographic location. Results: The study revealed a balanced gender distribution (50% male and 50% female). Significant differences in awareness and utilization based on educational background were observed, with mean scores for "PTA_Rural - Education" at 49.488 (SD = 28.976) and "PTA_Urban - Education" at 47.880 (SD = 29.447), both with p-values of .000. ANOVA results indicated significant differences in the means for variables such as "PTA_NCD_Kits" (p = 0.032), "PTA_Treatment" (p = 0.020), and "PTA_Neurodegenerative" (p = 0.01), suggesting variations in treatment approaches and knowledge regarding NCDs and neurodegenerative diseases across different groups. Conclusion: The study highlights the impact of educational background and geographic location on the awareness and utilization of adapted physical activity and physical therapy in Pakistani communities. These findings underscore the need for targeted health interventions and educational programs to address the disparities in health service accessibility and effectiveness in rural and urban areas. Keywords: Non-Communicable Diseases, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Adapted Physical Activity, Physical Therapy, Health Awareness, Pakistan, Education, Rural and Urban Health Disparities.