Abstract
We investigate propagation characteristics for wireless channels, applicable to Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) and relay-based networks with lamppost-height nodes at 5.5 GHz. We compare our empirical results with a variety of models that have been proposed for system simulation. Our work is based on an extensive measurement campaign in an urban environment, where we simultaneously measured base-relay, relay-mobile and base-mobile links. This simultaneity allows us to conclude that low-height relay nodes offer a minor path-loss advantage over the base-user link. Moreover, within the range of relay heights that we measured of 2.8 and 4.7 m, we observed no signi?cant gain associated with choosing the higher relay placement. Our results however also show that the base-relay link is quite stable over time and thus will lend itself to multi-antenna techniques requiring a small overhead in channel state information feedback. Our results add to the empirical data that the standards models are based on, providing path-loss results obtained simultaneously for all links of an urban relay-based system.
Highlights
The demand for high-speed wireless access continues to infrastructure in these new use-cases, as well as in Vehicle increase rapidly
Since they are to operate in scattering-rich environments, that can only be characterized by statistical models, a crucial aspect to estimate performance is the joint distributions of path-losses for all the propagation channels involved
The IEEE 802.16j Type-F LOS model is quite accurate for 2.8 m, but does much worse at 4.7 m
Summary
The demand for high-speed wireless access continues to infrastructure in these new use-cases, as well as in Vehicle increase rapidly. Current technologies, such as LTE-Advanced, aiming at peak data rates of up to 1 Gbit/s in the downlink [21], [22], consider relaying nodes [12], [17], [23]–[25]. If relays are to be a cost-effective solution in dense urban areas, it is likely that they will be installed at relatively low height, typically below rooftops, at lamppost-height [32] Since they are to operate in scattering-rich environments, that can only be characterized by statistical models, a crucial aspect to estimate performance is the joint distributions of path-losses for all the propagation channels involved. As pointed out in [44], joint statistics of the links, based on simultaneous measurements, are essential to properly assess the benefits of relaying
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