Emphasis of Plant Breeding in the Climate Impacts

Abstract

Plant breeding has been made a crucial role in food and agriculture by studying and focusing on utilization of genetic diversity of plant's adaptability and survival when their environments change. Plant breeding efforts to help producers overcome the enormous challenges posed by climate change through the creation of new seed varieties with improved genetics from germplasm exhibiting stress tolerance. This field plays a decisive role in advancing crop varieties and hybrids to become more productive, high in quality, and better adapted to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as producing plants that can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by increasing nitrogen and CO2 input-use efficiency. However, with global temperatures rising, the human population, absence of urgent institute measures, limited application of new methods, lack of resources, training and capabilities, more frequent and severe drought and flooding, along with increased pressure from insects and disease, will be agriculture's biggest challenge. On the other hand, there are great opportunities to overcome earlier mentioned problems. For instance, advances in technology have put many more tools into breeders' hands. Technologies like molecular markers and bioinformatics and other techniques are expediting the process of analyzing and assessing traits.