Abstract
Internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) contribute to air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions are a major concern globally, especially in India. To mitigate environmental problems and develop sustainable modes of transport in India, the government is trying to boost the electric vehicle (EV) market by introducing policies and subsidies. However, despite all the efforts, the share of EVs on Indian roads is quite negligible. Understanding the potential barriers and improving customer requirements will significantly help to overcome the issues and increase EV sales in India. Therefore, this study aims to prioritize the most significant barriers to adopting EV and develop the relationship between customer requirements (CRs) and technical requirements (TRs) for EV adoption and rank the CRs and TRs. For this purpose, a direct interview-based questionnaire survey was conducted among customers visiting the EV showroom for an inquiry and test drive. The survey was conducted in Ahmedabad city, India, and 561 data were used for analysis. This study used the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method integrated with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. AHP was used to prioritize the most influential barriers for EV adoption. Further, QFD developed the relationship between CRs and TRs for EV adoption and ranked the CRs and TRs. This study finds that the limited availability of public charging stations is a major concern for EV adoption. The non-reliability of the vehicle for long trip travels, higher initial purchase price, higher charging time, higher waiting time at charging stations, limited-service provider to install charging stations for home-based charging, limited spare parts available in local markets, limited availability of local EV service centers, and mileage on a full charge are indicated the significant influence on EV adoption. In addition, competitor analysis was conducted between EV and ICEVs based on CRs to understand the reasons behind choosing ICEVs over EV. This study outcome will help EV manufacturers, policymakers, and transport planners better understand the user requirements for EV adoption.
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