Abstract
Fundamental information on surface magnetic order (SMO) of ferromagnetic metals can be obtained from electron-capture, photoemission, fieldemission, spin-dependent tunneling and spin-polarized LEED experiments. The different techniques, new experimental advances and developments are discussed with particular emphasis given to electron-capture spectroscopy. This review will focus on new experimental and theoretical results (long-range and “local” SMO of ferro- and antiferromagnetic metals, surface states, SMO of thin films, new magnetic surface phases, magnetic surface reconstruction, chemisorption) obtained in the years past which have brought outstanding progress towards a deeper comprehension of the physics of ferromagnetism and towards the unravelling of the physical processes inherently involved in the various methods for spin spectroscopy. Recent data on the SMO received from experiments performed at surfaces of single crystals of 3d-TM and 4f-RE metals reveal new scientific insights and perspectives for the theoretical analysis of experimental results within the framework of the currently refined knowledge about ferromagnetism.
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