Abstract
This article provides an overview of the uniform electron gas model (also known as jellium model) for electrons in solid matter. Historically, this model has provided the basis for the understanding of electron-electron interaction effects in metals and semiconductors and it currently plays a crucial role at the foundations of Density Functional Theory. We review the basic properties of the model, such as the existence of the Fermi surface, the exchange and correlation energy, static and dynamic screening, quasiparticles and plasmons and the possibility of electron crystallization and magnetic phases. The two-dimensional electron gas in systems such as quantum wells and graphene and in the presence of spin-orbit interactions and magnetic fields is also discussed.
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