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Abstract
A detailed analysis of the plasmonic excitations within a nanopatterned gold chiral biosensor element, measured by scanning transmission electron microscopy electron energy loss spectroscopy, is presented. We discuss aspects of data acquisition, processing, analysis and simulation. The localised surface plasmonic resonance modes in the structure are extracted using non-negative matrix factorisation and we use simulations to correlate notable deviations from the idealised spectrum to nanometric fabrication imperfections. The methodology presented has wide applicability to a variety of metamaterials.
Highlights
Plasmonic metamaterials have a diversity of applications, spanning optoelectronics, sensors and biomedicine
Energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), on the other hand, has ample spatial resolution but one can struggle to assess the plasmonic energy range associated with optical excitations because of the energy spread of the source and the proximity of the plasmon signal to the zero loss peak (ZLP)
Motivated by recent work showing that chiral metamaterials can be used as a sensor of biomolecules [1], here we study a chiral nanostructure with STEM-EELS
Summary
Plasmonic metamaterials have a diversity of applications, spanning optoelectronics, sensors and biomedicine. Their functionality derives from a precise control of patterned media down to the nanoscale, which can be difficult to assess with optical techniques. Energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), on the other hand, has ample spatial resolution but one can struggle to assess the plasmonic energy range associated with optical excitations because of the energy spread of the source and the proximity of the plasmon signal to the zero loss peak (ZLP). Motivated by recent work showing that chiral metamaterials can be used as a sensor of biomolecules [1], here we study a chiral nanostructure with STEM-EELS. Comparisons of experimental results to simulations enable the correlation of fabrication imperfections to the plasmonic properties
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