Abstract
In this work, nano V/TiO2 catalysts at different molar ratios were prepared and fabricated as the electrocatalytic electrodes for electrocatalytic degradation. The effect of the vanadium doping on the surface morphology, microstructural, and specific surface area of V/TiO2 catalysts was probed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) x-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), respectively. Afterward, the solution of Acid Red 27 (AR 27, one kind of azo dye) was treated by an electrocatalytic system in which the nano V/TiO2 electrode was employed as the anode and graphite as the cathode. Results demonstrate that AR 27 can be effectively degraded by the nano V/TiO2 electrodes; the highest removal efficiency of color and total organic carbon (TOC) reached 99% and 76%, respectively, under 0.10 VT (molar ratio of vanadium to titanium) condition. The nano V/TiO2 electrode with high specific surface area facilitated the electrocatalytic degradation. The current density of 25 mA cm−2 was found to be the optimum operation for this electrocatalytic system whereas the oxygen was increased with the current density. The electricity consumption of pure TiO2 and nano V/TiO2 electrode in this electrocatalytic system was around 0.11 kWh L−1 and 0.02 kWh L−1, respectively. This implies that the nano V/TiO2 electrode possesses both high degradation and energy saving features. Moreover, the nono V/TiO2 electrode shows its possible repeated utilization.
Highlights
IntroductionTextile wastewater containing dyes possesses some undesirable qualities such as high color, extreme pH variation, high temperature, high chemical oxygen demand (COD), and low biodegradability
Textile wastewater containing dyes possesses some undesirable qualities such as high color, extreme pH variation, high temperature, high chemical oxygen demand (COD), and low biodegradability.These characteristics make wastewater more complicated, which results in a highly difficult treatment to meet discharge standards [1,2]
The results showed that the adsorption efficiency of the pure TiO2 electrode at pH 3 was slightly higher than that of the vanadium-doped electrode
Summary
Textile wastewater containing dyes possesses some undesirable qualities such as high color, extreme pH variation, high temperature, high chemical oxygen demand (COD), and low biodegradability. Once the high color wastewater is accidentally discharged into natural water bodies such as rivers and lakes, the biological self-purification of the water body will be disturbed and cause damage to the ecological environment [4,5] To effectively remediate such wastewater, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been widely employed. The decrease in the bandgap of the vanadium doped TiO2 results in visible range excitation and hydroxyl radical generation with low energy Such vanadium-doped catalysts are usually applied for photocatalytic degradation and the adsorption of pollutants [19,20]. The vanadium-doped TiO2 catalyst used in the electrocatalytic technique has potential to produce OH under a lower electric field, but to enhance the electrochemical reaction of pollutants. The degradation efficiency of AR 27 dye in an electrocatalytic system by nano V/TiO2 electrodes was evaluated to find the optimal operational parameters
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