Abstract
Shaping a secure and sustainable energy future may require a set of transformations in the global energy sector. Although several studies have recognized the importance of Electric Vehicles (EVs) for power systems, no large-scale studies have been performed to assess the impact of this technology in energy systems combining a diverse set of renewable energies for electricity production and biofuels in the transportation sector such as the case of Brazil. This research makes several noteworthy contributions to the current literature, including not only the evaluation of the main impacts of EVs’ penetration in a renewable electricity system but also a Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) that estimates the overall level of CO2 emissions resulted from the EVs integration. Findings of this study indicated a clear positive effect of increasing the share of EVs on reducing the overall level of CO2 emissions. This is, however, highly dependent on the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the power system and the use of biofuels in the transport sector but also on the credits resulting from the battery recycling materials credit and battery reuse credit. Our conclusions underline the importance of such studies in providing support for the governmental discussions regarding potential synergies in the use of bioresources between transport and electricity sectors.
Highlights
The long-term effects of global climate change have driven considerable critical attention of researchers and policy-makers mainly in recent decades
A Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is addressed in Section 4.2 estimating the level of carbon dioxide emissions in the electricity and transport sector in Brazil for 2050
For the base case scenario, our results revealed that the surplus electricity for charging Electric Vehicles (EVs) would come essentially from thermal resources
Summary
The long-term effects of global climate change have driven considerable critical attention of researchers and policy-makers mainly in recent decades. The United Nations Member States adopted in 2015 the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlighting the need to develop affordable and clean energy solutions to address future worldwide challenges. Sustainability presented a structured review addressing whether or not climate change may affect these. 17 SDGs. The authors presented evidence that combatting climate change may reinforce all the SDGs targets, it may even be a threat to reach part of those targets (i.e., 12 out of 17) [1]. The impact on future energy demand due to climate change is predicted to increase but it would depend on a set of interacting sources of uncertainty and it would vary among regions in the world [1]
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