Abstract
Spain (statistically and at European level) occupies the top positions among the countries with the highest school dropout rates; and along the same lines, various studies (INE, 2020; Vaquero, 2011) confirm that teachers in our country consider that education must be transformed to ensure that all students feel that they are the protagonists of the learning process; and that - in addition - everything they learn can be transferred to develop as citizens to the extent that their needs are also met (Álvarez et al., 2020:20). In this sense, it is absolutely necessary to know (through the student's perception) to what extent the socio-demographic variables that students present intervene and condition the learning process and its transfer. For this purpose, a purposive sample has been configured in which more than 1,400 4th ESO subjects (from Spain) have participated, with a significance level of 0.05 using a scale -original and unpublished- called EPECOCISO (Evaluation of the perception of social science competences -Álvarez, Trigueros, Miralles and Molina, 2020-). España (estadísticamente y a nivel europeo) ocupa las primeras posiciones de los países con mayores tasas de abandono escolar; y en esa misma línea diversos estudios (INE, 2020:155; Vaquero, 2011:3) constatan que los docentes en nuestro país consideran que la educación debe transformarse para hacer que todos los alumnos lleguen a sentirse protagonistas del proceso de aprendizaje; y que –además– todo lo aprendido pueda ser transferido para desarrollarse como ciudadanos en la medida que también satisfagan sus necesidades (Álvarez et al., 2020:4). En este sentido, resulta del todo necesario conocer (a través de la percepción del estudiante) en qué medida las variables sociodemográficas que presenta el alumnado intervienen y condicionan al proceso de aprendizaje y su transferencia. Para ello, se ha configurado un muestreo intencional en el que han participado más de 1400 sujetos de 4.º de ESO (de España), con un nivel de significatividad de 0,05 utilizando una escala –original e inédita– denominada EPECOCISO (Evaluación de la percepción sobre las competencias de ciencias sociales –Álvarez, Trigueros, Miralles y Molina, 2020:1-15–).
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