EFFICIENCY OF THE APPLICATION OF FUNGICIDES IN THE PROTECTION OF WINTER WHEAT FROM DOMINANT SPOTS

Abstract

Leaf and stem infections of winter wheat plants result in a decrease in the surface area of theleaves and intensity of photosynthesis during spike development and grain filling, which negativelyaffects productivity of the crop. It requires high-quality monitoring of phytosanitary conditions ofagrocenoses and implementation of appropriate protection measures. In case of intensivedevelopment of diseases, the use of fungicides is warranted. Their assortment is continuouslyupdated. Thus, the aim of the research was to establish the optimal terms of application of fungicidesto protect winter wheat from dominant spots. Research was carried out during 2020–2021 in thePoltava region according to generally accepted methods of field and laboratory research on theeffectiveness of fungicides. It was established that the dominant leaf and stem infections in winterwheat agrocenoses were septoriosis and pyrenophorosis. During the research, the effectiveness of oneand two applications of the following fungicides against a complex of diseases of leaves and spikeswas studied: Esculap 250, k.e. (propiconazole, 250 g/l) – triazole derivatives; Impact K, k.s.(flutriafol, 117.5 g/l + carbendazim, 250 g/l) – triazole derivatives + benzimidazoles; Elatus Ria358 ES, k.e. (solatenol, 83.33 g/l + propiconazole, 208.33 g/l + cyproconazole, 66.67 g/l). The use ofmodern fungicides provided effective protection of the photosynthetic surface of winter wheat plantsfrom damage by septoria and pyrenophorous spots. In addition, the studied compounds showed apronounced physiological effect due to photosynthesis prolongation (greening effect), which positivelyaffected the grain productivity of plants and the technological quality of grain. The highest technicaland economic efficiency was registered in groups with one and two applications of fungicide ElatusRia 358 EC, k.e. Upon analysis of obtained data, one can assume that efficiency of one application offungicides during the period of emergence into the tube exhibits protective antifungal activity of thecompound while two applications exhibit a therapeutic effect.