Abstract
In Latvia, climatic factors are influential in spreading of <i>Fusarium</i> head blight of cereals caused by <i>Fusarium</i> species. The most significant factor affecting the incidence of the disease in winter wheat is hightened temperature at the time of wheat anthesis. Field trials for the control of the disease in winter wheat were done in 2003-2004 using new fungicides applied at various rates by natural infection and artificial inoculation. Three species of causative agents: <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> var. <i>herbarum</i>, <i>F. gibbosum</i>, <i>F. culmorum</i> were collected from infected seeds of wheat and used for inoculation of experimental plots at the concentration 106 conidia ml<sup>-1</sup> (1:1:1) at the stage of full anthesis. Effective control of the disease was obtained through application of new fungicides with different active ingredient: Prosaro 250 EC (tebuconazole 125 G, prothioconazole 125 G L<sup>-1</sup>), Input 460 EC (spiroxamine 300 G, prothioconazole 160 G L<sup>-1</sup>). In conditions of artificial infection by severe attack of <i>Fusarium</i> spp. the application of fungicides containing tebuconazole at T3 gave significant influence on yield of winter wheat through plumpness of grains increase. High efficacy of fungicides against leaf infection with <i>Erysiphe graminis</i> and <i>Drechslera tritici-repentis</i> was also in the trial achieved. Application of fungicide containing cyproconazole and trifloxystrobin at T1 in the trial 2004 gave good control of <i>Septoria tritici</i>, <i>E. graminis</i> and <i>D. triticirepentis</i>.
Highlights
Fusarium head blight of wheat in last years is a very important worldwide disease in intensive growing of cereal
Species predominantly found associated with Fusarium head blight in Europe are F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichiella (Bottalico, 1998)
Prosaro in doses 0.75 L and 1.0 L ha-1 and Input in dose 1.0 L ha-1 were effective to control powdery mildew. Both fungicides significantly retarded the development of E. graminis on leaves of winter wheat
Summary
Fusarium head blight of wheat in last years is a very important worldwide disease in intensive growing of cereal. Ear fusariose has caused significant yield losses of winter wheat. In Russian total yield losses of winter wheat from Fusarium head blight reached to 44-88% (Tsumakov and Zaharova , 1990). Contamination of mycotoxins, what are produced by consumption Fusarium species in cereal grains, is a hazardous factor for using of these products in human foods and animal feeds. Species predominantly found associated with Fusarium head blight in Europe are F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichiella (Bottalico, 1998). F. culmorum predominates in grain crop in the Netherlands, Germany and northern Europe (Mielke , 1988, Parry et al 1995). These species are the most widespread as seed-borne pathogens identified in winter wheat in Latvia, too (Treikale and Pugacheva , 2002)
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