Abstract
Human coronaviruses tend to persist on dry surfaces for 2 to 9 days, necessitating infection control and prevention protocols using biocidal agents. This systematic review aimed to answer the following focused question: What is the effectiveness of disinfectants on inanimate surfaces against the coronavirus? The acronym “PICOS” was used to represent the eligibility of studies: P = population (inanimate surfaces contaminated with coronavirus); I = intervention (disinfectants); C = comparison (studies with any type of control or studies that used a control group); O = outcomes (coronavirus inactivation on different types of inanimate surfaces); and S = study design (in vitro studies). The seven databases used were PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Web of Science, Scopus, LIVIVO, and Cochrane Library. The gray literature was also used as an information source through Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Open Gray. The search resulted in 6639 references, and 21 articles were used in the qualitative analysis. The results showed that all studied biocidal solutions provided some degree of decontamination and inactivation of the coronavirus, depending on the concentration of the disinfectant solution, the time of exposure of the product to the pathogen and the type of surface.
Highlights
SARS-CoV-2 is a virus transmitted from person to person through direct or indirect contact via droplets dispersed by coughing, sneezing, or speaking, actions through which the infected individual deposits the active virus on inanimate surfaces and that can serve as transmission vector. (Akram, 2020; Cirrincione et al, 2020; Peng et al, 2020)
A manual search for references was performed in all included studies and in the most current guidelines in the literature that address the use of disinfectant agents against coronavirus on inanimate surfaces
The actual potential of transmitting the coronavirus found on inanimate surfaces via touch is not known, it is known that the virus can remain active for an extended period, depending on the type of surface, the relative humidity, and the ambient temperature
Summary
Human coronaviruses are known to persist on dry surfaces for 2 to 9 days, depending on the ambient temperature and relative humidity (Akram, 2020). In environments with a high flow of people that are likely to be contaminated, such as hospitals and primary health units, the virus remains in circulation for a longer time, as it spreads more frequently (De. Andrade, 2020). It is necessary to control and prevent infection via protocols using biocidal agents capable of inactivating these pathogens in an attempt to control their spread and ensure the safety of health agents and people circulating in these environments (De Andrade, 2020; Yen et al, 2020). The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that cleaning of contaminated inanimate surfaces and environments is an essential strategy for disease control (Organization, 2014). A variety of chemicals are available for this purpose, most commonly based on povidone-iodine (PVP-I), sodium hypochlorite, alcohols, phenolic compounds, and hydrogen peroxide
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