Abstract
The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the close link between economics and health in the context of emergency management. A widespread vaccination campaign is considered the main tool to contain the economic consequences. This paper will focus, at the level of wealth distribution modeling, on the economic improvements induced by the vaccination campaign in terms of its effectiveness rate. The economic trend during the pandemic is evaluated, resorting to a mathematical model joining a classical compartmental model including vaccinated individuals with a kinetic model of wealth distribution based on binary wealth exchanges. The interplay between wealth exchanges and the progress of the infectious disease is realized by assuming, on the one hand, that individuals in different compartments act differently in the economic process and, on the other hand, that the epidemic affects risk in economic transactions. Using the mathematical tools of kinetic theory, it is possible to identify the equilibrium states of the system and the formation of inequalities due to the pandemic in the wealth distribution of the population. Numerical experiments highlight the importance of the vaccination campaign and its positive effects in reducing economic inequalities in the multi-agent society.
Highlights
In the early 2020s, the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the close link between economics and health in the context of emergency management
In this paper we will focus, at the level of wealth distribution, on the economic improvements induced by the vaccination campaign in terms of its percentage of effectiveness
The widespread vaccination campaign undertaken in Western countries to counteract the evolution of the COVID-19 epidemic and its economic effects depends in large part on the efficacy of vaccines
Summary
In the early 2020s, the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the close link between economics and health in the context of emergency management. The interplay between epidemic spread and the social economic background is described here as the result of interactions among a large number of individuals, each of which is characterized by the variable w ∈ R+ , measuring the amount of wealth of a single agent In this regard, as shown in [1,8,38,39], the fundamental tools of statistical physics allow the understanding of epidemiological dynamics by linking classical compartmental approaches with a statistical description of economic aspects. Entropy 2022, 24, 216 confirm the model’s ability to describe phenomena that are characteristic of economic trends in situations compromised by the rapid spread of an epidemic, and their variations as a function of the effectiveness of the vaccination campaign
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