Abstract
Due to the high density of buildings and low quality of the drainage pipe network in the city, urban non‐point source pollution has become a serious problem encountered worldwide. This study investigated and analyzed the characteristics of non‐point source pollution in Baoding City. A simulation model for non‐point source pollution was developed based on the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM), and, the process of non‐point source pollution was simulated for Baoding City. The data was calibrated using data from two observed rainfall events (25.6 and 25.4 mm, the total rainfall on 31 July 2008 (07312008) was 25.6 mm, the total rainfall amount on 21 August 2008 (08212008) was 25.4 mm) and validated using data from an observed rainfall event (92.6 mm, the total rainfall on 08102008 was 92.6 mm) (Our monitoring data is limited by the lack of long‐term monitoring, but it can meet the requests of model calibration and validation basically). In order to analyze the effects of non‐point source pollution on Baiyangdian Lake, the characteristics and development trends of water pollution were determined using a one‐dimensional water quality model for Baoding City. The results showed that the pollutant loads for Pb, Zn, TN (Total Nitrogen), and TP (Total Phosphorus) accounted for about 30% of the total amount of pollutant load. Finally, applicable control measures for non‐point source pollution especially for Baoding were suggested, including urban rainwater and flood resources utilization and Best Management Practices (BMPs) for urban non‐point source pollution control.
Highlights
Over the past decades, high-speed urbanization has led to increasing imperviousness in urban-underlying surface in many parts of the world [1]
The hydrology, hydraulic, and water quality parameters in Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) were calibrated by using rainfall data from 31 July 2008 (07312008) and 21 August 2008 (08212008)
The total rainfall amount on 08212008 was 25.4 mm, lasted for approximately 7 h, but had a much lower rainfall intensity. These two rainfall events were well suited to represent rainfall and could be used to calibrate the SWMM model only lasted for approximately 2 h and had a high rainfall intensity
Summary
High-speed urbanization has led to increasing imperviousness in urban-underlying surface in many parts of the world [1]. An increase in imperviousness results in marked changes in water circulation patterns and may result in higher risks of flood disaster in urban areas [2,3,4]. This problem is exacerbated by increases in urban dust levels due to a sharp growth of the urban population and industrial activities in developing countries such as. Since a large quantity of urban dust is transported into water bodies by rainfall-runoff processes, this might cause serious deterioration of urban water quality This process has been recognized as urban non-point source pollution and has become a great threat to the urban water environment [7,8,9]. This pollution process is very complex because it involves diverse pollutants
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