Abstract
Nanophase ceramic titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a potential scaffold material for tissue engineering. When scaffolds are used to regenerate injured tissues or organs, potential adverse effects associated with the scaffolding material should be investigated. This study focused on the influx and accumulation of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs)- and TiO2 nanotubes (NTs)- and the resulting damage to zebrafish caudal fin regeneration. The effects of these nanomaterials on apoptosis or necrosis during embryogenesis were also investigated. NPs and NTs induced asymmetric regeneration of fins at 1 mg/L, and apoptosis was observed in zebrafish embryos exposed to NPs and NTs at 20 ng/L. Significantly more TiO2-NPs and TiO2-NTs accumulated in reproductive organs and intestines of fish with amputated fins, suggesting that TiO2-NPs and TiO2-NTs cause undesired tissue accumulation and toxicity. Thus, bioaccumulation of TiO2 nanomaterials in intestine and reproductive organs via injured tissue could be a potential developmental risk.
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