Chitosan-thioglycolic acid conjugate: a new scaffold material for tissue engineering?

Abstract

It was the aim of this study to evaluate chitosan-thioglycolic acid (chitosan-TGA) conjugate as scaffold material in tissue engineering. Chitosan was modified by the introduction of thiol groups. Briefly, TGA was introduced to chitosan via amide bond formation mediated by a carbodiimide. The properties of the resulting polymer were thereby altered in regard to water solubility, mucoadhesion, biodegradability and in situ gelling compared to the original polymer. Due to the immobilised thiol groups (240±30 μmol thiol groups per gram polymer), the viscosity of a 1.5% chitosan-TGA solution was improved 4.3-fold. This can be explained by the formation of disulphide bonds within this polymeric network. The conjugate was tested as scaffold material in form of a gel and sheets. Furthermore, the influence of the thiol groups on the viability of L-929 mouse fibroblasts was evaluated. It was shown that the L-929 mouse fibroblasts grew on both scaffolds despite the thiol groups, although the different surface conditions seemed to have an influence on the growing rate. Chitosan-TGA sheets seemed to be the more preferred layer. The improved in situ gelling may be important for ongoing developments. Direct injectable matrices at the site of tissue damage mimicking the tissue being restored may be a future trend on this topic. Hence, chitosan-TGA is a promising candidate as scaffold material in tissue engineering.