Abstract
Simple SummarySummer transhumance of dairy cows is a seasonal pastoral system practiced in many European countries from ancient times. This practice provides additional forage supply for mountain dairy farms and plays a role in the preservation of landscape, biodiversity, and natural habitats and conservation of local traditional dairy products, but it may affect cows’ physiological and nutritional status. This study aimed to investigate the effects of transhumance of Brown Swiss cows to summer pastures on the yield, composition, and coagulation properties of milk, and on cheese yield. For this study, twelve multiparous cows from a mountain lowland permanent farm were divided into two groups of six cows: One group stayed at the permanent farm while the other moved to the alpine pasture (1860 m above sea level). Cows at the alpine pasture had reduced milk yield and body condition, and greater fat and lower protein contents in milk compared to cows at the permanent farm. Conversely, neither milk coagulation properties nor cheese yield were affected by summer transhumance. In conclusion, summer transhumance did not affect the cheese making efficiency of milk compared to permanent farm, but the negative effect on milk yield depressed daily cheese yield, which was 2 kg/d lower in cows moved to Alpine pasture.Summer transhumance to alpine pastures (ALP) is widespread in dairy systems of alpine regions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of transhumance of Brown Swiss cows to ALP on the yield, composition, and coagulation properties of milk (MCP), and on cheese yield (CY). The study involved 12 multiparous cows kept at a mountain lowland permanent farm (PF), which were divided into two equal groups: One remained at the PF, the other was moved to the ALP (1860 m above sea level) from July to September. Every month (June to October), daily milk yield (MY) and body condition score (BCS) were recorded, and individual milk samples (n = 60, 2000 mL each) were collected to assess milk composition, MCP, and CY. Compared with PF, ALP cows had a reduced MY and BCS, which was maintained on return to the PF, greater fat and lower protein contents of milk. Neither MCP nor CY were affected by summer transhumance. In conclusion, summer transhumance did not affect the cheese making efficiency of milk but depressed MY and consequently daily cheese yield, which was nearly 2 kg/d lower for the ALP than the PF cows and was only partially recovered after returning to the PF in autumn.
Highlights
The transhumance of dairy cattle to temporary farms on mountain pastures during the summer months is an important, long-standing, traditional practice in the alpine regions of several European countries [1,2,3]
This study presents new information on the effects that summer transhumance of dairy cows to alpine pastures exerts on the yield, composition, and cheese-making properties of milk, by comparing the performance of two homogeneous groups of cows from the same permanent farm before, during, and after the transfer of one group to summer highland pastures
The results show that transhumant cows had lower body condition scores, and reduced milk yield and milk protein content, milk traits were partially recovered after their return to the lowland permanent farm
Summary
The transhumance of dairy cattle to temporary farms on mountain pastures during the summer months is an important, long-standing, traditional practice in the alpine regions of several European countries [1,2,3]. The practice has economic advantages for the alpine dairy sector, as it provides additional forage supply and may increase the added value of the milk obtained, destined mostly for the production of high-value local cheeses [4,5]. Dairy products from alpine pastures are presumed to be healthier, due to their favorable fatty acid profile [12,13], and are positively perceived by consumers for attributes related to taste, health, wholesomeness, and animal welfare [9,14]. When dairy cows are transhumed to summer alpine pastures, they undergo a number of changes compared with those that remain on permanent lowland farms, including different quality and availability of feedstuffs, regrouping of animals, adaptation to pastures, altitude-related hypoxia, and harsh climatic conditions [15,16].
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