Effects of Rosemary Oil (Rosmarinus officinalis) supplementation on the fate of the transplanted human olfactory bulb neural stem cells against ibotenic acid-induced neurotoxicity (Alzheimer model) in rat.

Shaymaa Rezk,Carlo Cenciarelli,Mohamed El-Adl,Mona M Elghareeb,Basma M Hendam,Thomas Caceci,Samah Lashen,Hany E Marei,Gehad E Elshopakey

doi:10.1007/s11011-021-00890-6

Abstract

Rosemary oil (ROO) is known to have multiple pharmacological effects: it is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective. In the present study, we examined the effects of ROO on Human olfactory bulb neuronal stem cells (hOBNSCs) after their transplantation into rats, with the ibotenic (IBO) acid-induced cognitive deficit model. After 7weeks, cognitive functions were assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM). After two months blood and hippocampus samples were collected for biochemical, gene expression, and histomorphometric analyses. Learning ability and memory function were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) after hOBNSCs transplantation and were nearly returned to normal in the treated group. The IBO acid injection was associated with a significant decline (P < 0.05) of total leukocyte count (TLC) and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in total and toxic neutrophils. As well, the level of IL-1β, TNF-α CRP in serum and levels of MDA and NO in hippocampus tissue were significantly elevated (P < 0.05), while antioxidant markers (CAT, GSH, and SOD) were reduced (P < 0.05) in treated tissue compared to controls. The administration of ROO before or with cell transplantation attenuated all these parameters. In particular, the level of NO nearly returned to normal when rosemary was administrated before cell transplantation. Gene expression analysis revealed the potential protective effect of ROO and hOBNSCs via down-expression of R-βAmyl and R- CAS 3 and R-GFAP genes. The improvement in the histological organization of the hippocampus was detected after the hOBNSCs transplantation especially in h/ROO/hOBNSCs group.

Highlights

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the major public health concerns associated with a progressive and irreversible cognitive deficit and memory loss in aged people (Gjoneska et al 2015)
Whereas rats that received rosemary oil (ROO) before stem cell transplantation exhibited a significant elevation in total leukocyte count (TLC), followed by the group receiving stem cells only; and those treated with ROO plus cell transplantation (P < 0.05)
Lymphocyte count was significantly lower in the IBO-group than in controls (P < 0.05); but transplantation of stem cells and ROO administration before or after cell transplantation significantly increased lymphocyte counts compared to IBO-group (P < 0.05)

Summary

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the major public health concerns associated with a progressive and irreversible cognitive deficit and memory loss in aged people (Gjoneska et al 2015). The European Prevention of Alzheimer’s Dementia (EPAD) committee has classified AD as the most widespread neurodegenerative disease, and its prevalence is expected to double over the 20 years (Ritchie et al 2016). All the drugs available for AD only relieve clinical symptoms but are unable to prevent progression or to replace the degenerated neurons (Cummings et al 2014). The development of novel therapies to alleviate AD pathologies, inhibit neuronal death, replace dead neurons, eliminate toxic deposits, and provides a better niche for remaining cells are very necessary

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