Effects of Rich-Polyphenols Extract of Dendrobium loddigesii on Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidant, and Gut Microbiota Modulation in db/db Mice.

Xue-Wen Li,Hui-Ping Chen,Wei-Li Chen,Jun Wang,Jian-Wen Chen,Hai-Yan Hu,Lu Gao,Ying-Yan He

doi:10.3390/molecules23123245

Abstract

Dendrobium is a traditional Chinese herb with anti-diabetic effects and has diverse bibenzyls as well as phenanthrenes. Little is known about Dendrobium polyphenols anti-diabetic activities, so, a rich-polyphenols extract of D. loddigesii (DJP) was used for treatment of diabetic db/db mice; the serum biochemical index and tissue appearance were evaluated. In order to gain an insight into the anti-diabetic mechanism, the oxidative stress index, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and gut microbiota modulation were determined by ELISA, immunohistochemistry or high throughput sequencing 16S rRNA gene. The results revealed that DJP had the effects to decrease the blood glucose, body weight, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and increase insulin (INS) level in the mice. DJP improved the mice fatty liver and diabetic nephropathy. DJP showed the anti-oxidative abilities to reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increase the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) as well as glutathione (GSH). DJP exerted the anti-inflammatory effects of decreasing expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. After treatment of DJP, the intestinal flora balance of the mice was ameliorated, increasing Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratios as well as the relative abundance of Prevotella/Akkermansia and reducing the relative abundance of S24-7/Rikenella/Escherichia coli. The function’s prediction of gut microbiota indicated that the microbial compositions involved carbohydrate metabolism or lipid metabolism were changed. This study revealed for the first time that DJP improves the mice symptoms of diabetes and complications, which might be due to the effects that DJP induced the decrease of inflammation as well as oxidative stress and improvement of intestinal flora balance.

Highlights

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing threat to public health
In a previous study we found that the rich-polyphenols extract of D. loddigesii (Table S1) and its phenols components showed strong anti-inflammation and antioxidant activities in vitro [29]
In order to explore the anti-diabetic effects of Dendrobium polyphenols, a rich-polyphenols extract (DJP) was prepared from D. loddigesii and used for treatment of diabetic db/db mice (BKS.Cg-Dock7m +/+Leprdb/Nju) in 3 dosage groups, DMDJP25 group, DMDJP50 group, and DMDJP100 group

Summary

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing threat to public health. International DiabetesFederation estimated that in 2017 there were 451 million (age 18–99 years) people with diabetes worldwide, and the people with diabetes were expected to increase to 693 million by 2045 [1]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing threat to public health. Federation estimated that in 2017 there were 451 million (age 18–99 years) people with diabetes worldwide, and the people with diabetes were expected to increase to 693 million by 2045 [1]. T2DM is a metabolism correlation disease; its main symptoms are hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and decrease of insulin secretion. T2DM can cause death and disability because of various severe, whole-body complications in organs, such as, heart, kidneys, liver, brain, and others. The T2DM and complications etiology is complexity, many factors influencing their onset and development, such as, environmental and genetic factors. Oxidative stress and inflammation were recognized as one of the important causes of T2DM and complications [2]

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Conclusion