Effects of multiple ionization on the spectra ofLx rays excited in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

Spectra of $L$ x rays emitted from thick solid targets containing elements with atomic numbers ranging from 49 (In) to 67 (Ho) were measured in high resolution using a curved crystal spectrometer. The projectiles included heavy ions (Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) ranging in energy from 6 to $15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}∕\mathrm{amu}$. A scaling rule was established for the apparent average fraction of $M$ vacancies at the time of $L$ x-ray emission and the result was compared to one obtained previously for the apparent average fraction of $L$ vacancies at the time of $K$ x-ray emission. The apparent degree of $L$-shell ionization at the time of $L$ x-ray emission was examined as a function of target atomic number (for $6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}∕\mathrm{amu}$ Kr projectiles), projectile atomic number (for an $_{51}\mathrm{Sb}$ target), and projectile energy.