Effects of dietary organic trace mineral mixture levels on survival, growth performance, body composition and antioxidant capacity of juvenile turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus )

Abstract

A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate effects of dietary organic trace mineral (OTM) mixture levels on survival, growth performance, body composition and antioxidant capacity of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). The commercial diet with 0.03% inorganic trace mineral (ITM) premix was used as the control, and other four experimental isonitrogenous (50% crude protein) and isolipidic (12% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain 0.0375%, 0.075%, 0.1125% and 0.15% OTM mixture respectively. Results showed that there were no significant differences in survival among dietary treatments. However, the growth was not significantly different between the control and OTM supplementation diets. Especially, turbot fed the diet with 0.075% OTM had significantly higher specific growth rate than 0.15%, 0.1125% and 0.0375% OTM treatments (p < .05). Moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash of the whole fish body showed no significant differences among dietary treatments. Activities of superoxide dismutase in serum of turbot fed diets with 0.1125% and 0.15% OTM were significantly higher than 0.0375% OTM treatment (p < .05). Activities of total antioxidant capacity and catalase in serum were the highest, while the malondialdehyde content was the lowest when the turbot were fed the diet with 0.075% OTM. In summary, results of the present study suggested that the supplementation of 0.0375% or more OTM in diets could obtain similar performance to the commercial diet with ITM premix, and the optimal amount of OTM supplementation in diets of turbot was approximately 0.075% on basis of growth performance and antioxidant capacity.