Abstract
ABSTRACT Ammonia (NH3) is gaining significant attention as a hydrogen transporter and carbon-free fuel for its potential to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector. The ammonia/diesel dual-fuel mode is a viable solution to address the ignition challenges associated with ammonia in engines, and it serves as an effective method to enhance ammonia combustion. Therefore, this study investigates the combustion characteristics of an ammonia/diesel dual-fuel engine through experimental validation combined with numerical simulation to find a better combustion strategy. The combustion and emission parameters were analyzed at various ammonia energy ratios (AER) ranging from 10% to 70%. As a result, a new injection method was implemented to improve the engine’s combustion characteristics and address the issue of incomplete ammonia combustion after combustion. The technique employs the pre-injection and main injection of diesel fuel to enhance combustion efficiency in the engine cylinder by modifying the pre-injection ratio (PER). The results indicate that combustion properties are improved when the ammonia replacement rate is lower than 60%. Increasing the AER from 0% to 70% resulted in a 36.34% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to using diesel alone. The pre-injection technique is highly effective in minimizing the emission of unburned NH3, with reductions of up to a minimum of 1703 ppm. Furthermore, the indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) can reach a maximum of 43% when the pre-injection ratio is set at 30%, resulting in an enhanced combustion effect within the cylinder.
Published Version
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