Abstract
Organic additive for animal had been explored to replace antibiotic growth promoter. Probiotic from lactic acid bacteria was widely used to support the microbial balances in digestive tract, while organic mineral was added into diets to improve bioavailability for preventing mineral deficiency disorders. This experiment was aimed to assess probiotic (Pediococcus acidilactici RS2) and micromineral enriched yeast (MEY) combined with tannin from neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves containing tannin on king grass (P. hybrid) fermentability using in vitro gas production technique. Treatments consisted of P0 (control/forage without additive), P1 (P0+MEY); P2 (P0+MEY+crude tannin); P3 (P0+Probiotic); P4 (P0+Probiotic+MEY), and P5 (P0+Probiotic+MEY+crude tannin). The study was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in each treatment. Probiotic, MEY or tannin supplementation significantly increased (P<0.05) gas production without affecting volatile fatty acid, protozoa numbers, methane production and in vitro digestibility of forage. The highest cumulative gas production was found in forage treated by P4 followed by P5, P1, P5, P2, P3 and control. Kinetic of gas production was significantly affected by treatments after 8 h incubation. Although the treatments were only significantly affected gas production kinetic (b, c and total gas), the hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that some parameters consisted of acetate, propionate, in vitro digestibility, protozoa numbers, and methane production were closely correlated to the gas production kinetic parameters. It was concluded that either organic mineral supplementation or its combination with probiotic, and probiotic+tannin improved fermentabilty of forage without negative effect on in vitro digestibility.
Highlights
Ruminant contribute to meat and milk supply for human consumption
P0 = P. hybrid; P1 = P0+Micromineral Enriched Yeast/micromineral enriched yeast (MEY); P2 = P0+MEY+crude tannin; P3 = P0+Probiotic; P4 = P0+Probiotic+MEY; P5 = P0+Probiotic+MEY+crude tannin; Dry matter (DM) = dry matter; CP = crude protein; CF = crude fiber; EE = ether extract; NFE= nitrogen free extract; CT = condensed tannin Nutrient composition was calculated by reference consisted of King grass (Rumiyati 2006); A. indica (Obun et al 2013; Bhatta et al 2015); DM content was confirmed by re-analysing in our experiment
Ruminal fermentability characteristics evaluated by in vitro gas production were showed on Table 2
Summary
Ruminant contribute to meat and milk supply for human consumption. Low quality feedstuffs is the biggest constrain in ruminant productivity. Cobos et al (2011) revealed that P. acidilactici isolated from rumen lamb could survive in low pH condition (4.71-4.98) without causing negative effect on dry matter digestibility. It implies that P. acidilactici can be used as probiotic. Nutrition management strategy for enhancing ruminant production by supplementation of organic feed additive consisting of probiotic and organic mineral was necessary done. This research was conducted to evaluate addition of probiotic (Pediococcus acidilactici RS2) and micromineral enriched yeast (MEY) combined with leaves containing tannin (A. indica) on king grass (P. hybrid) fermentability using in vitro gas production technique
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