Innovation of Standardized Extract of Yam Bean Seed and Red Betel Leaf as Bioinsecticide for Myiasis Treatment

Abstract

Myiasis causes severe economic and production losses in animals. Chemicals are frequently employed to prevent or control myiasis in animals, however long-term exposure to chemical-based pesticides can have severe effects. This study aims to assess the effectiveness combination of ethanol extract of yam bean seeds and red betel leaf in vitro as a preparation capable of killing all larval stages of Chrysomya bezziana, the primary agent responsible for myiasis. This study consisted of eleven treatment groups. Twenty instar 1 (L1), 2 (L2), and 3 (L3) C. bezziana larvae were used for in vitro testing utilizing plastic pots containing larval media and ethanol extract of yam bean seeds, red betel leaf, and their combination as well as a combination of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% concentrations of ethanol extract of yam bean seeds and red betel leaf. Asuntol and sterile distilled water were utilized as positive and negative controls, rerspectively. The results demonstrated that the combination of 2% ethanol extract of yam bean seeds and red betel leaf was able to induce 100% larval death and 100% pupal failure. The L3 test demonstrated that the combination of yam bean seed ethanol extract and red betel leaf reduced hatchability at all doses. The L1 and L2 tests suggested that the extract was efficient as a stomach poison, whilst the L3 test indicated that it was also a contact poison. Yam bean seeds and red betel leaf show larvicidal efficacy against multiple species of Chrysomya bezziana insect larvae. Key Words: yam bean seeds, bioinsecticide, Chrysomya bezziana, red betel leaf, myiasis