Abstract
The bioconvection phenomenon, through the utilization of nanomaterials, has recently encountered significant technical and manufacturing applications. Bioconvection has various applications in bio-micro-systems due to the improvement it brings in mixing and mass transformation, which are crucial problems in several micro-systems. The present investigation aims to explore the bioconvection phenomenon in magneto-nanofluid flow via free convection along an inclined stretching sheet with useful characteristics of viscous dissipation, constant heat flux, solutal, and motile micro-organisms boundary conditions. The flow analysis is addressed based on the Buongiorno model with the integration of Brownian motion and thermophoresis diffusion effects. The governing flow equations are changed into ordinary differential equations by means of appropriate transformation; they were solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg integration scheme shooting technique. The influence of all the sundry parameters is discussed for local skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number, and local density of the motile micro-organisms number.
Highlights
The flow over a stretching surface is an important problem in many engineering processes with applications in industries such as extrusion, melt-spinning, hot rolling, wire drawing, glass fiber production, manufacture of plastic and rubber sheets; cooling of a large metallic plate in a bath, which may be an electrolyte, and others
It is clear from these figures that an increase in the value of Brownian motion number Nb, thermophoresis parameter Nt and Lewis number Le reduce the local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number while local Sherwood number and local density of the motile micro-organisms demonstrate the opposite behavior with this increase
With increasing bioconvection Lewis number Lb, bioconvection Peclet number Pe or bioconvection constant σ, local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number, and local density of the motile micro-organisms number increase, whereas the local skin friction coefficient decreases with these increases
Summary
The flow over a stretching surface is an important problem in many engineering processes with applications in industries such as extrusion, melt-spinning, hot rolling, wire drawing, glass fiber production, manufacture of plastic and rubber sheets; cooling of a large metallic plate in a bath, which may be an electrolyte, and others. Hayat et al [27] investigated the effect of magnetohydrodynamic on the boundary layer flow of a nanofluid containing gyrotactic micro-organisms in the presence of nonlinear thermal radiation They showed that the velocity of fluid particles decays for a larger value of magnetic field parameter, motile micro-organisms density is an increasing function of thermophoresis parameter, and Brownian motion number and has an inverse relation with Peclet number. Inspired by previously mentioned studies and discussion, the present investigation aims to analyze the magneto-free convective flow of a water-based nanofluid with gyrotactic micro-organism along an inclined stretching sheet with constant heat flux and viscous dissipation effect. This experiment has encouraged the current investigation and is relevant to microbial fuel cells exploiting bioconvection and nanofluids. The effects of the emerging parameters on skin friction, the rate of heat transfer, and the rate of motile micro-organism transfer are analyzed numerically and discussed in detail using graphs
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