Abstract
The aim of study were to analyzed bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) bottles used for cultivation of edible mushrooms, cultivation materials and fruiting bodies of <em>Pleurotus eryngii</em> with various treatments by HPLC-MS. BPA was detected in bottles, cultivation materials and fruiting bodies at levels greater than the limit of detection (0.000611 &mug/g). BPA levels decreased from 19.851 to 6.230 &mug/g following exposure to high temperature and pressure. In addition, the mean BPA levels increased in a pH-dependent manner to 11.37-30.80 &mug/g. With the exception of those grown in new bottles, fruiting bodies contained BPA at levels not exceeding the recently established specific migration limits of 0.6 mg/kg for food established by the European Union. These data suggest that physical treatment methods could decrease BPA levels in new PVC bottles. Use of such treatments rendered fruiting bodies of <em>P. eryngii</em> safe for consumption.
Highlights
Bisphenol A (BPA; 2, 2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane) is an organic compound composed of two phenol rings connected by a methyl bridge, with two methyl functional groups attached to the bridge (Fig. 1a)
The ionization efficiency of negative ions was insufficient for analysis of BPA by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS)
The BPA-Pyridine sulfonyl (BPA-PS) derivative was detected with the MS operating in ESI+ Multiple ReactionMonitoring (MRM) mode
Summary
Bisphenol A (BPA; 2, 2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane) is an organic compound composed of two phenol rings connected by a methyl bridge, with two methyl functional groups attached to the bridge (Fig. 1a). BPA is widely used in polycarbonate plastics, epoxy, phenolic, polysulfone and polyetherimide resins, polyesters, polyacrylates and flame-retardant materials. It is present in the lacquer lining of metal food and beverage cans, baby bottles and food packaging materials, among other items (Alexiadou et al, 2008; Takao et al, 2002). Numerous reports of BPA contamination in canned foods have been published (Kang and Kondo, 2003; Lin-Gibson et al, 2002). High levels of BPA have been identified in leachates of waste landfill (Nascimento Filho et al, 2003; Yamamoto and Yasuhara, 1999; Yamamoto et al, 2001). High BPA levels (9.8 and 139 μg/g) were detected in Polyvinyl
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