Abstract
Specimens of Inconel 690 were investigated after ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) using microhardness tests, electron backscattered diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After UNSM treatment, a 60% increase of hardness up to ∼310 µm in depth was observed. Layer-by-layer TEM analysis showed well-refined grains and twins in addition to the high dislocations density. The mechanism of the microstructure refinement was attributed to the development of nano-grains, twin structures, and dislocations.
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