Abstract
The aim of present study was evaluate the effect of different percentages of an organo-functionalized silane monomer as adhesion promoter between barium borosilicate glass fillers and (co)monomer blend in experimental dental composite resin. Gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS) was assessed in an experimental luting cement, at the concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 (wt%). The experimental resin without fillers was used as control group. The flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (E) were obtained by mini-flexural test and expressed in MPa and GPa, respectively. Water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) were determined based on ISO standard 4049:2000. Kruskal–Wallis and Student–Newman–Keuls test were used for comparisons of FS, E and WS. The comparisons of SL means were performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s method (α = 5 %). The treatment with 3 % silane revealed statistically higher FS, while the group treated with 1 % silane showed statistically higher E than 3 % silane (p < 0.05) and E similar to control. The experimental composite without filler content showed the highest SL (p < 0.05) while the control composite showed the highest WS (p < 0.05). Based on present findings, flexural strength and elastic modulus can sometimes be improved with lower concentrations (1–3 %) rather than higher concentrations (5–7 %) of the silane (γ-MPS) used as coupling agent on barium borosilicate glass filler microparticles of the dental composite resin.
Highlights
In spite of recent advances in contemporary dental composites, materials have retained Bowen’s basic triad of core structures of an organic phase, inorganic phase and coupling agent [1]
Formulation of the experimental composite resin (ECR) The experimental resin blends were formulated by mixing the monomers 2,2-bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropyl)phenyl]-propane (BisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) obtained from Esstech Inc. (Essington, PA, USA), which were used in 60/40 wt% ratio
1 % presalinized fillers were added to the resin blend the E obtained was statistically higher than it was in the other experimental composite resins (ECR)
Summary
In spite of recent advances in contemporary dental composites, materials have retained Bowen’s basic triad of core structures of an organic phase (monomers blends), inorganic phase (fillers) and coupling agent (organosilane) [1]. The adhesion between fillers and the organic matrix in dental composites is promoted by coupling agents through a filler-matrix interphase (FMI). The concentration of the coupling agent used in the treatment of fillers must be adjusted as a means of resist transfer of the stress from the flexible organic matrix to the stiffness of fillers, thereby protecting the FMI against. In resin composite systems the organo-functional polymerizable group forms a covalent-bond with the polymerizable monomer groups (vinyl groups or –C=C–) during composite polymerization in the dental office. After activation (hydrolysis), the three chemically labile hydrolyzable alkoxy groups, become intermediate silanols (Si–OH) and condense around the fillers linking to superficial hydroxyls groups and forming covalent bonds (oxane bond formation, Si–O–Si) [7]
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