Abstract
This study evaluated adhesive protocols (silane, silane and unfilled resin, and universal adhesive) of bond strength between feldspar ceramic and resin-based luting agents (RBLAs). Thirty ceramic disks were embedded into acrylic resin, polished, etched, and randomly divided into 6 groups: S-RC: silane (S) and light-cured resin cement (RC) (RelyX Veneer; 3M ESPE); SB-RC: S followed by bond (B) (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray) and RC; UA-RC: universal adhesive (UA) (Single Bond Universal; 3M ESPE) and RC; flowable composite resin (F) was used on groups S-F, SB-F, and UA-F, and luting agent cylinders were built. The response variables (n=20) were microshear bond strength (MPa), characteristic strength (σ0, MPa), and Weibull modulus (m). The RC groups presented similar bond strengths regardless of whether or not bond was used. The S-F group with only silane application showed the highest bond strength, while the universal adhesive showed the lowest bond strength. The reliability was only affected in the UA-RC group, which was lower than the S-F group. Silane application is fundamental since the universal adhesive only decreased the bond strength between the feldspar ceramic and the RBLAs. Overall, the use of unfilled resin did not positively influence bond strength.
Highlights
Invasive restorative techniques are recommended to preserve remaining dental structures and reduce pulp damage during dental preparation [1,2,3]
The necessity of acid etching and silane application to improve bond strength between luting agents and glass ceramics is well documented [8]; an important and controversial factor is the use of hydrophobic unfilled resin on the etched ceramic surface after silane application to improve the bond strength with the resin-based luting agents
Some studies have shown that applying adhesive improves the bond strength between glass ceramics and luting agents [9, 10]; the use of unfilled resin on etched feldspar ceramic requires further evaluation
Summary
Invasive restorative techniques are recommended to preserve remaining dental structures and reduce pulp damage during dental preparation [1,2,3]. Some studies have shown that applying adhesive improves the bond strength between glass ceramics and luting agents [9, 10]; the use of unfilled resin on etched feldspar ceramic requires further evaluation. Unfilled resin presents a low elastic modulus, which could reduce the strength of the feldspar ceramic [11], since studies have evidenced higher feldspar ceramic strengthening when using resin-based luting agents with a higher elastic modulus [11,12,13,14]. The matrix is based on a combination of monomers of hydrophilic (hydroxyethyl methacrylate/HEMA), hydrophobic (decanediol dimethacrylate/D3MA), and intermediate (bis-GMA) nature. This property combination allows universal adhesives to bridge the gap between the hydrophilic tooth substrate and the hydrophobic resin restorative under various surface conditions. Some universal adhesives may contain silane in their formulation, potentially eliminating the Groups S-RC SB-RC UA-RC S-F SB-F UA-F
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