Effect of spatial memory on a predator–prey model with herd behavior

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce spatial memory into a predator–prey model with herd behavior. Taking memory-based diffusion coefficient and average memory period of predators as control parameters, we obtain the stable conditions of the positive equilibrium of system and prove the existence of Hopf bifurcation. In addition, a double Hopf bifurcation occurs at the intersection of the nonhomogeneous Hopf bifurcation curves, and a spatially nonhomogeneous quasi-periodic pattern can be observed near the double Hopf bifurcation point by numerical simulation.