Effect of Soybean Oil and Fish Oil on Lipid-Related Transcripts in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows.

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez,Jaime Romero,Juan Loor,Massimo Bionaz,Heidi Leskinen,Philip Garnsworthy,Nathaly Cancino-Padilla,María Morales,Macarena Garrido-Sartore

doi:10.3390/ani10010054

Abstract

Simple SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of degree of unsaturation of dietary lipids on lipid-related metabolites and transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of mid-lactating dairy cows. The objective was achieved by supplementing dairy cows with soybean oil (high in linoleic acid) or fish oil (high in polyunsaturated fatty acids) for 63 days (nine weeks). Results revealed effects of oil supplement on lipid metabolism but a mild effect on the transcriptome of the adipose tissue. Compared to soybean oil, fish oil had a higher lipogenic effect in SAT.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of long-term supplementation of unsaturated oil on lipid metabolism and transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of mid-lactating dairy cows. The objective was achieved by supplementing dairy cows with soybean oil (SO; high in linoleic acid) or fish oil (FO; high in EPA and DHA) for 63 days (nine weeks). Cows were fed a control diet with no added lipid, or diets containing SO or FO (n = 5 cows/group). At the onset of the experiment (day 0) and on days 21, 42, and 63 of supplementation, blood and SAT samples were collected from each animal. Oil supplementation increased cholesterol and NEFA in plasma, with a greater effect of SO compared to FO. Concentration of BUN was lower in SO compared to control and FO at the end of the trial. Transcription of few genes was affected by dietary lipids: FABP4 had lowest expression in FO followed by SO and control. ACACA and FASN had higher expression in FO. Transcription of SCAP was higher but expression of INSIG1 was lower in SO. Overall, results revealed that compared to control, SO and FO had lipogenic effect in SAT.

Highlights

Different oils from vegetable and/or marine sources have been used to modulate milk fatty acids (FA) profile toward a healthier dairy product for human health [1]
The FA profile of the different dietary oils used in our previous experiments, such as soybean oil [2], fish oil [3], and/or hydrogenated vegetable oil [2,3], varied widely: from a saturated FA profile to polyunsaturated FA profiles
Cholesterol was increased only by soybean oil treatment, while non-esterified FA (NEFA) was increased by both oil supplementations, but with a quicker and larger increase when soybean oil was used compared to fish oil

Summary

Introduction

Different oils from vegetable and/or marine sources have been used to modulate milk fatty acids (FA) profile toward a healthier dairy product for human health [1]. The effect on milk fat composition is partly due to the dietary FA composition but can be driven by the effect on the transcription of genes related to lipid metabolism in mammary and subcutaneous adipose tissues [4]. The number of double bonds and location of double bonds of dietary oils result in different biohydrogenation intermediates due to the activity of the rumen Those intermediates can affect the lipid metabolism differently [5], partly through effects on transcription of lipogenic genes. Dietary long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are known to exert evident nutrigenomic effects at cellular [6] and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) [7] levels in dairy cows

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