Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the long-term transcriptomic effects of lipogenic genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of dairy cows supplemented with unsaturated (olive oil; OO) and saturated (hydrogenated vegetable oil; HVO) lipids. Cows were fed a control diet with no added lipid, or diets containing OO or HVO (n = 5 cows/group) for 63 days. SAT was obtained from the tail-head area at the onset of the study and after 21, 42, and 63 days of supplementation. Treatments had minor effects on expression of measured genes. Both fat supplements reduced expression of PPARG, HVO decreased transcription of the desaturase FADS2 and lipid droplet formation PLIN2, and OO increased transcription of FABP3. Both lipid treatments decreased expression of the transcription regulator SREBF1 and its chaperone (SCAP) during the first 21 days of treatment. Our data indicated that long-term feeding of OO and HVO have a relatively mild effect on expression of lipogenic genes in SAT of mid-lactating cows.
Highlights
Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are the only dietary compounds with evident nutrigenomic effects in dairy cows, especially through the Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors [1,2]
Our hypothesis is that both lipid supplements affect expression of lipogenic genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with a higher effect of hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) compared to olive oil (OO)
Of transcripts related to triacylglycerol synthesis and lipid droplet formation, only PLIN2 was more expressed in HVO versus CON
Summary
Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are the only dietary compounds with evident nutrigenomic effects in dairy cows, especially through the Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors [1,2]. Some of the first evidence of in vivo nutrigenomic roles of LCFA was observed in conjugated linoleic acids. As intermediate products of rumen biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated LCFA, they negatively affect expression of lipogenic genes in mammary tissue of dairy cows [3]. Further in vivo evidence was accumulated by feeding LCFA to dairy cows with transcriptomic effects observed in mammary [4] and adipose tissue [5]. In vitro data clearly indicated that saturated LCFA have stronger nutrigenomic effects compared to unsaturated LCFA in ruminants, especially C16:0 and C18:0 [2,6].
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