Effect of some natural plant extracts against gram negative bacteria in Njran Area, Saudi Arabia

A Masoud ,A E A I Gouda

doi:10.21608/eajbsg.2012.16663

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the growth inhibitory effect ofSyzygium aromaticum (clove), Nigella sativa (black cumin), Commiphora molmol (myrrh) and Allium sativum (garlic) on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Water, 80% ethanol and n-hexane plant extracts either alone or in combination were tested against 4 gram negative bacteria. Gel diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were used in this investigation. The findings indicated that individual S. aromaticum, C. molmoland A. sativum extracts had growth inhibitory effect against tested bacteria. Ethanolic extract of S. aromaticum exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on all tested microorganisms. Individual water, ethanolic and hexanic extracts of N. sativa did not show any growth inhibitory effect against all tested microorganisms. Synergistic inhibitory effects of ethanolic and hexanic extracts combination of the four plants were able to prevent the growth of the tested bacteria. Combination of water extracts of the 4 plants inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, while E. coli and K. pneumonia were not inhibited. We are of the opinion that individual ethanolic and hexanic extracts of the clove and combinations of ethanolic and hexanic extracts of the four tested plants could potentially be used for treatment of gram negative bacterial infection especially to the tested microorganisms.

Highlights

Bacterial infectious diseases represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide
Water extract of S. aromaticum exhibited inhibitory effect against P. aeruginosa with inhibition zone diameters (IZD) 13.33±0.33mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 3.12 mg/mL and no inhibitory effect was detected against the remaining bacteria
All the test bacteria were susceptible to ethanolic and hexanic extracts of S. aromaticum with IZDs ranged from 11.33±0.33 mm17.0±0.0mm and MIC from 1.56 mg/mL to 6.25 mg/mL

Summary

Introduction

Bacterial infectious diseases represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The problem of microbial resistance is growing and the outlook for the use of antimicrobial drugs in the future is still uncertain. Actions must be taken to reduce this problem, for example, to control the use of antibiotic, develop research to better understand the genetic mechanisms of resistance, and to continue studies to develop new drugs (Gislene et al, 2000; Cos et al, 2006) .Plants are rich source of natural products used for centuries to cure various diseases. A return to natural substances are an absolute need of our time (Swayamjot et al, 2005; Kumar et al, 2007).The inhibitory activity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is due to the presence of several constituents, mainly eugenol, eugenyl acetate, betacaryophyllene, 2-heptanone (Chaieb et al, 2007), acetyl- eugenol, alphahumulene, methyl salicylate, iso-eugenol, methyl-eugenol (Yang et al, 2003).

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