Alteration of Multi-drug Resistance Activities by Ethanolic Extracts of Nigella sativa Against Urinary Pathogens

Abstract

Abstract: Background and Objective: Most of the urinary pathogens cause urinary tract infection (UTI) have developed multidrug-antibiotics resistance (MDR) and had forewarned the interest in researching natural products to increase the usage of medicinal plants as alternative therapies for infectious diseases. The study was aimed to investigate the alteration of multidrug-resistant properties of ethanolic extract from Nigella sativa against clinically isolated MDR urinary pathogens. Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract from Nigella sativa was investigated against clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii using agar disc diffusion technique, minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Ethanol extract of Nigella sativa possesses strong microbial growth inhibitory effects in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum MIC values were observed for Proteus mirabilis (1.5 mg mL–1), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2 mg mL–1), extended-spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.5 mg mL–1), ESBL producing Escherichia coli (2.75 mg mL–1) and Acinetobacter baumannii (2.5 mg mL–1). The MBC inhibitory effects of ethanolic extracts were greater than that of corresponding MIC results for all clinical isolated urinary pathogens. The bactericidal concentration of ethanol extracts was slightly increased than the corresponding MIC. Conclusion: This study augmented the effective alteration of MDR properties by the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa seeds. Thus, it might be used as an effective natural source of a safe antimicrobial agent against emerging MDR clinical isolates in the future.