Abstract
ABSTRACT: Among various weed management strategies, chemical weed control is considered the most effective method. However, optimum dose and suitable combination of herbicide with adjuvants play a vital role in controlling weeds at an acceptable level and produce maximum crop yield. A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of post-emergence herbicide isoproturon alone or with combination of adjuvants on winter wheat and its associated weeds. The treatments were isoproturon at 175 g a.i. ha-1, 140 g a.i. ha-1 and 105 g a.i. ha-1 applied alone or with adjuvants Ad-500 or Bio-enhancer at 400 mL ha-1 each and weedy check as a control treatment. Isoproturon at 175 g a.i. ha-1 + Bio-enhancer at 400 mL ha-1 was most effective treatment for control of Melilotus indica, Anagallis arvensis, Phalaris minor and Fumaria indica as it decreased the photosynthetic activity, fresh and dry biomass of these weeds. In case of wheat, highest productive tillers, plant height, 1000-grain weight, biological and grain yield were achieved with isoproturon at 175 g a.i. ha-1 + Bio-enhancer at 400 mL ha-1. However, highest values of gas exchange parameters of wheat were observed where no herbicide was sprayed. It can be concluded that isoproturon at 175 g a.i. ha-1 + Bio-enhancer at 400 mL ha-1 might be a profitable approach to achieve optimal yield of wheat by causing the maximum suppression of these tested weeds. Moreover, the herbicide at reduced dose with adjuvants was not much effective in terms of weed control or increased yield.
Highlights
Wheat is among the most widely planted crops in the world
In wheat, different herbicides are utilized with chief mode of action of photosynthesis inhibition by interrupting normal functioning of chlorophyll and photosystems I and II by binding to quinine binding protein D-1 in thalakoid membrane and seizes electron transport chain (Naseer-ud-din et al, 2011)
Highest transpiration rate was observed in weedy check after that maximum transpiration rate (5.40 μmol m-2 s-1) was recorded with lowest dose of isoproturon at 105 g a.i. ha-1 without adjuvants followed by isoproturon at 105 g a.i. ha-1 + Ad-500 at 400 mL ha-1 after 17 days of herbicide application
Summary
JAVAID, M.M.1* ID ZIA, A.U.H.1 ID WAHEED, H.1 ID NARGIS, J.2 ID SHAHID, A.3 ID AZIZ, A1 ID WASAYA A.4 ID. Isoproturon at 175 g a.i. ha-1 + Bio-enhancer at 400 mL ha-1 was most effective treatment for control of Melilotus indica, Anagallis arvensis, Phalaris minor and Fumaria indica as it decreased the photosynthetic activity, fresh and dry biomass of these weeds. The herbicide at reduced dose with adjuvants was not much effective in terms of weed control or increased yield. As doses de herbicida foram isoproturon a 175 g i.a. ha-1, isoproturon a 140 g i.a. ha-1 e isoproturon a 105 g i.a. ha-1, aplicado sozinho ou com adjuvantes Ad-500 ou biopotenciador a 400 mL ha-1 cada, e a verificação de plantas daninhas como tratamento controle. Isoproturon a 175 g i.a. ha-1 + biopotenciador a 400 mL ha-1 foi mais eficaz no controle de Melilotus indica, Anagallis arvensis, Phalaris minor e Fumaria indica, pois ele reduziu a atividade fotossintética e a biomassa fresca e seca dessas plantas daninhas. Palavras-chave: características de troca de gás, crescimento e rendimento, controle de ervas daninhas, peso fresco e seco, doses de herbicidas, Triticum aestivum
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