Abstract
Abstract Background: Hyperglycemic metabolic disorders such as diabetes can impair gastrointestinal (GI) physiological functions leading to multiple digestive manifestations. Oxidative stress which is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidants is contributed to GI complications that occur during hyperglycemia. Aim: To investigate the effect of high-glucose concentration on the antioxidant enzymes in the GI tract. Methods: Small intestine and colon tissues extracted from rats were incubated in a high-glucose medium for 3 hours. Following tissue homogenization, antioxidant enzyme activity and expression were evaluated. Results: Catalase (CAT) activity was increased in the small intestine (1742 ± 113.1–2265 ± 242.4 [mU/mL]) and decreased in the colon (3791 ± 516.2–1532 ± 292.9). Total antioxidant capacity was decreased in the small intestine (10.1 ± 1.83–9.048 ± 0.441 [nmole/μl]) and increased in the colon (8.114 ± 0.9–11.01 ± 0.99). Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of antioxidant enzymes in the small intestine was increased (CAT: 0.03941 ± 0.0041–0.1917 ± 0.0165, glutathione peroxidase 1 [GPx1]: 1.156 ± 0.0855–16.24 ± 1.618, glutathione reductase [GR]: 0.0413 ± 0.0014-0.1549 ± 0.0145, superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1]: 1.03 ± 0.1095–8.52 ± 0.471, SOD2: 0.00106 ± 3.559e-005–0.0028 ± 0.00052, SOD3: 0.0352 ± 0.0044–0.0493 ± 0.0223). mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes in the colon was decreased (CAT: 0.02148 ± 0.0032–0.01057 ± 0.0014, GPx1: 0.48 ± 0.146–0.1090 ± 0.0209, GPx4: 0.2391 ± 0.063–0.01671 ± 0.0019, GR: 0.0393 ± 0.0031–0.0093 ± 0.0014, SOD1: 0.389 ± 0.1159–0.088 ± 0.0251, SOD2: 0.000934 ± 0.00020–0.000233 ± 2.39023e-05, SOD3: 0.0114 ± 0.00107–0.0017 ± 0.000176). Conclusion: Most of the results indicate a state of oxidative stress in the GI tract mediated by the exposure to high glucose level. Diabetic GI complications could be reversed using specific modalities that act to increase the antioxidant capacity.
Published Version
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