Effect of grape polyphenol concentrate "Enoant" on adipokines secretion in experimental metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Recent studies demonstrate that adipokine secretion is altered in cardiometabolic diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (MS). Polyphenols are the most important phytochemicals in grape because they possess many biological activities and health-promoting effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of grape polyphenol concentrate Enoant on secretion of adipokines in MS in golden hamster ( Mesocricetus auratus ). We found that the development of experimental MS is accompanied by a significant increase in plasma levels of visfatin and resistin (pro-inflammatory adipokines), whereas the level of adiponectin (anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic adipokine) was decreased. However, the introduction of grape polyphenol concentrate Enoant to animal diet in MS led to a decrease in resistin and visfatin plasma levels, whereas the adiponectin level was significantly increased. To test whether the observed changes may be related to the direct action of grape polyphenols on adipocyte secretion, we used primary cultures of adipocytes isolated from adipose tissue of control animals and from animals with MS. It was found that incubation of cells for 48 h in the presence of grape polyphenol concentrate is accompanied by a significant decrease in the visfatin concentration in the incubation medium, compared to control. In cultured adipocytes isolated from the adipose tissue of animals with experimental MS, polyphenol concentrate induced a significant increase in adiponectin and decrease in visfatin secretion. These findings suggest salutogenic action of grape polyphenol concentrate Enoant in experimental MS. Further studies are required to evaluate whether Enoant might be beneficial for cardiometabolic health via the secretion of other metabotrophic adipokines (e.g., IL-10, NGF, BDNF). Adipobiology 2012; 4: 85-90.