Abstract
A methodology for simulating two-way multiphase coupling of mass, momentum, and energy was developed to investigate the effect of droplet mass and heat transfer on one-dimensional shock waves. The numerical approach employed a conservative formulation for the gas and a Lagrangian formulation for the particles. The approach was verified for one-way heat transfer, evaporation and condensation for low-speed flows, and for two-way shock attenuation for solid particles and small evaporating drops (for which breakup is not expected and internal temperature gradients are weak). Parametric studies were conducted to investigate the coupling physics, and, surprisingly, finite rate evaporation and two-way coupling were found to increase the rate of shock attenuation and reduce the postshock gas temperature for mass loadings as small as 0.5%. Larger drops led to long regions of nonequilibrium as did, unexpectedly, effects of evaporation.
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