Abstract
Valeriana jatamansi is an important medicinal and aromatic plant used as sedative in modern and traditional medicines butthere is dearth of literature regarding how elevated CO2 and temperature affect on this plant. Therefore,an experiment was conducted to study the effect of elevated CO2 (550±50 µmol mol-1) and elevated temperature (2.5±0.5°C above ambient) and vermicompost on growth, phenology and biomass accumulation in V. jatamansi under Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) and Free Air TemperatureIncrement (FATI) facilities at Palampur, India, during 2013-2015. Growth parameters and biomass accumulation into different parts were observed at 4, 12 and 16 months after exposure (MAE). Plant height, total dry biomass and leaf area plant -1 increased in elevated CO2 treatment applied with vermicompost as compared to the other treatments. Elevated CO2 significantly enhanced leaf area (3.5-23.5%), leaf biomass (12.7-33.2%), stem (15.3-15.6%), root (3.2-72.5%), rhizome (2.1-42.2%) and total biomass (7.7-52.7%), whereas elevated temperature increased aboveground biomass (15.0-45.3%), belowground biomass (11.6-55.5%) and total biomass (12.4-7.9%), respectively, as compared to ambient. Phenological stages were advanced by 1.2-3.9 days under FACE and FATI as compared to ambient. The results indicate that aboveground, belowground and total biomass increased under elevated CO2 and elevated temperature as compared to ambient.
Highlights
During the last two centuries carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and atmospheric temperature has been rising at a rate of 2.4% per year to the level 405.7 μmol mol-1 (NOAA/ESRL, 2017) and is expected to be 550 μmol mol-1 by 2050 and rise above by 700 μmol mol-1 at the end of the present century and if emissions continues at such high level it will lead to a global warming of 1.4-5.8 °C in the year 2100 (IPCC, 2014)
There is less information on effect of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature on medicinal plants in open field conditions, some studies were reported in controlled conditions.To the best of our knowledge there is no report on elevated CO2 and elevated temperature effect on V. jatamansi in open field condition, this experiment was conducted under open field condition to study the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 and elevated temperature on growth, phenology, and biomass production under varying nutrient in V. jatamansi in the western Himalayas
Higher plant height was recorded in FATI (22.6 cm) as compared to Free Air CO Enrichment (FACE) (18.5 cm) and ambient (13.8 cm) at 12 MAE due to high temperature under FATI environment, which coincides with winter months.High temperature stimulated growth which results in taller plant as compared to control
Summary
Increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 and air temperature are two most important factors which affect plant growth and development. Effect of elevated temperatures on growth, biomass and phenologywere studied and researchers observed reduction in plant biomass and advancement in phenological stages on different plants (Rakshit et al, 2012; Cai et al, 2016). There is less information on effect of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature on medicinal plants in open field conditions, some studies were reported in controlled conditions.To the best of our knowledge there is no report on elevated CO2 and elevated temperature effect on V. jatamansi in open field condition, this experiment was conducted under open field condition to study the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 and elevated temperature on growth, phenology, and biomass production under varying nutrient in V. jatamansi in the western Himalayas
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