Abstract
This work investigates the feasibility of using coffee silverskin (CSS), one of the most abundant coffee waste products, as a reinforcing agent in biopolymer-based composites. The effect of using two compatibilizers, a maleinized linseed oil (MLO) and a traditional silane (APTES, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane), on mechanical and thermal behavior of sustainable composites based on a poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) PBAT/PHBV blend filled with coffee silverskin, in both the as-received state and after the extraction of antioxidants, was studied. Thermal (by differential scanning calorimetry), mechanical (by tensile testing), and morphological properties (by scanning electron microscopy) of injection molded biocomposites at three different weight contents (10, 20, and 30 wt %) were considered and discussed as a function of compatibilizer type. The effects of extraction procedure and silane treatment on surface properties of CSS were investigated by infrared spectroscopy. Obtained results confirmed that extracted CSS and silane-treated CSS provided the best combination of resistance properties and ductility, while MLO provided a limited compatibilization effect with CSS, due to the reduced amount of hydroxyl groups on CSS after extraction, suggesting that the effects of silane modification were more significant than the introduction of plasticizing agent.
Highlights
Drivers such as sustainability, energy efficiency, reduced waste generation, and greenhouse gas emission are emerging powerfully in the current industrial economy, though it is still dominated by a linear and extract-process-consumption disposal philosophy that makes it highly and inherently unsustainable [1]
The coffee silverskin (CSS) blend employed in the present study was richer in Arabica, which, according to Farah [27], has a lower antioxidants content compared to Robusta
Was considered (TcPBAT ) in Blend_CSST_M based composites with increasing content of CSST_M component. It is as a possible solution and for assume tuning the response of composites at three reasonable to observe thatmechanical
Summary
Energy efficiency, reduced waste generation, and greenhouse gas emission are emerging powerfully in the current industrial economy, though it is still dominated by a linear and extract-process-consumption disposal philosophy that makes it highly and inherently unsustainable [1]. Polymers 2018, 10, 1256 products and materials at the end of their service life This goal can be accomplished by using renewable energy, by limiting toxic chemicals, by developing bio-benign products, and by elimination of waste [2]. In this context, bio-based sourcing of plastics along with waste valorization approaches could significantly contribute to the adoption of a circular economy model. As regards the waste valorization to high-value added products, agro-food waste presents profitable opportunities due to its great world-wide availability It is of utmost importance the possibility to develop highly sustainable composite materials that combine biopolymers as matrix and agro-industrial residues as fillers. SCG have been extensively investigated as filler in composite materials [5,6,7,8,9,10], as source of important ingredients such as oil, terpenes, caffeine, and polyphenols [11,12], or more recently as a source for Quantum
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